Stents as lifesavers for blood vessels

Vascular surgery
Intro

In today’s industrialised nations, hardening of the arteries is a common condition. Deposits clog the blood vessels and are sometimes already noticeable in those affected by the age of 40. In the worst case, the blood vessels close completely, disrupting blood flow. This can result in a heart attack or stroke. To prevent this from happening, the blood vessels can be opened up with a balloon. A stent is also implanted to hold the blood vessel open like a net-shaped tube.

When are stents used?
A stent is used when a blood vessel in the body becomes blocked. If the narrowing is in the coronary arteries, sudden pain occurs in the chest (angina pectoris). If the carotid artery becomes blocked, dizziness and blurred vision occur. In cases of intermittent claudication, the legs will already hurt after a short exertion (PAOD = peripheral arterial occlusive disease). Sometimes a stent also replaces a defective vessel wall, which is the case with an aneurysm of the aorta.

What are the risks associated with stent implantation?
During stent implantation, the stent is first moved to the right place in the body using a catheter. A balloon is used to open out the blood vessel, and the stent is put in place. In most cases, the catheter is inserted through a small puncture point in the groin. Bleeding may occur at this puncture site, and a bruise will form. Inflammation or thrombosis are also possible. In rare cases, an emergency bypass operation is required if the stent fails to keep the blood vessel open.

What must the patient keep in mind after receiving a stent?
Careful follow-up treatment is important after a stent implantation. The doctor will regularly check the patient with the aid of a resting ECG, a blood test and blood pressure measurements. However, there are no restrictions associated with living with a stent. Medication to prevent blood clots must be taken for the first six to twelve months. A healthy lifestyle should also be observed so that the hardening of the arteries does not progress any further.