Disorders of the throat: tonsillitis, reflux, or laryngeal cancer
Sore throats are usually caused by inflammation in the tonsils or throat. Viruses are the most common triggers, followed by bacteria. Most of the time the sore throat will go away after a few days. However, tonsillitis can also become chronic, which is why you should see a doctor if your symptoms persist. Another cause of sore throats is constant acid reflux, which irritates the lining of the oesophagus. In rare cases, laryngeal cancer can be responsible for sore throats.
What kind of inflammation can occur in the throat area?
Tonsillitis and pharyngitis are the most common kinds of inflammation in the throat. Viruses and bacteria from colds trigger the symptoms. Tonsillitis and pharyngitis usually go away after a few days or, in the worst case, may need to be treated with antibiotics. In cases of chronic tonsillitis, the tonsils are surgically removed even in adulthood. A tonsillectomy takes 15 to 30 minutes on average, and healing takes around two weeks, up to a maximum of three weeks.
What can be done about reflux?
If the gastrooesophageal valve between the stomach and oesophagus fails, stomach acid flows back. The acidic gastric juices irritate the lining of the oesophagus. This causes inflammation, which can lead to ulcers and scarring. The cells of the oesophagus can become precancerous, a condition known as Barrett’s oesophagus. Various simple measures help against heartburn, such as raising the bed or avoiding alcohol. The doctor can also prescribe drugs to reduce stomach acid production. In rare cases, surgery is necessary: the lower oesophageal sphincter between the oesophagus and the stomach is reinforced.
How does laryngeal cancer manifest itself?
People with laryngeal cancer are often chronically hoarse. The throat feels scratchy, and patients have the urge to keep clearing their throat. A cough or difficulty swallowing are also indicators of a tumour in the throat. Laryngeal cancer usually occurs in people over the age of 65. As the above symptoms are common, patients are usually late presenting to a doctor. If you have symptoms, have yourself checked by an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist early.
Related medical specialities
| Disorders of the ear |
| Balance disorders/vertigo |
| Hearing loss |
| Tinnitus |
| Diseases of the nose |
| Deviated septum |
| Nasal polyps |