Endoscopy in the gastrointestinal tract: gastroscopy and colonoscopy
Endoscopy of the stomach or intestines is useful if problems are experienced with the digestive tract. A gastroscopy examines the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. A colonoscopy looks at the colon and a few inches of the small intestine. In an endoscopy, the doctor will examine the mucous membrane and take tissue samples. In the laboratory, the biopsy samples are checked for malignant cells to aid in the early diagnosis of colon cancer. This examination is recommended for patients aged 50 and older.
What is an endoscopy?
An endoscope is an instrument that is inserted into bodily orifices from outside of the body like a tube. This enables the investigating physician to examine the surface of the body cavities with a small camera. The intestine can be examined with endoscopes, as can the lungs, bladder and many other organs. During an endoscopy, minor operations can also be performed or bleeding can be stopped. The endoscope opens up a view of the inside of the body and is gentle on the patient.
What happens during a gastroscopy?
A gastroscopy is performed in the gastroenterology department. It is necessary for stomach problems such as constant nausea or vomiting blood. Patients must not eat anything for at least six hours prior to the examination. This is to ensure that the stomach no longer contains any food at the time of the endoscopy. Drinking is only allowed up to two hours prior to the examination. As part of the gastroscopy you will be given a sedative so that you will not feel anything during the examination.
What are the preparations ahead of a colonoscopy?
In order for the doctor to be able to examine the intestinal wall properly, the intestine must be empty. This requires careful cleaning. The day before the colonoscopy, you are only permitted to eat easily digestible foods. If your bowel tends to be rather sluggish, you should start this regime three days in advance. The last meal is lunch on the day prior to the examination. To empty your bowels, you will be given a laxative solution to drink towards evening. The bowel then empties completely. You are not allowed to eat anything the next morning until after the colonoscopy.