Hair loss – different causes and treatments
In the majority of cases, hair loss (effluvium) is hereditary. Under the negative influence of male sex hormones, men develop receding hairlines and subsequent baldness. In women, the hair starts to become thinner from the middle of the head. There are also other causes of hair loss, such as inflammation or medication. It is normal for a small number of hairs to fall out every day. The hair’s natural growth cycle lasts only two to six years. The hair then falls out and begins to grow again after a period of rest. If more than 100 hairs are lost every day, you should consult a doctor.
What causes hair loss?
Hair loss mostly runs in the family. In men, hypersensitivity to testosterone is the cause; in women, male hormones are broken down more slowly. Both of these cause hair loss. Circular hair loss (alopecia areata) is probably caused by a bad reaction in the immune system. Medications such as cytostatic drugs used in chemotherapy also cause the hair to fall out. Metabolic diseases and malnutrition also have a negative impact.
What tests are carried out in cases of hair loss?
The doctor examines the hair and scalp with a special microscope known as a dermatoscope. A blood test is necessary in order to establish any deficiencies or infections. In the trichogram, the roots of around 50 to 70 hairs are examined, which requires them to be extracted. The hair follicle shows the growth phase of the hair, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the causes. If the reason for the effluvium is unclear, a biopsy is taken and the cells of the scalp and hair are assessed.
What can be done about hair loss?
Treatment for hair loss depends on the cause. In the case of hair loss that is down to genetics, the drug finasteride can be used in men. Minoxidil is approved for both sexes and antiandrogens for women only. Other medications such as cortisone or immunotherapy combat circular hair loss. Irradiation of the scalp with UVA light (PUVA) also has an effect. If the affected person suffers hair loss due to a metabolic disorder, this must be treated. If the treatment is not sufficiently effective against hair loss, a hair transplant is possible.